Scenario 1.
John decides not to use a tee peg and hits his tee shot into deep rough.
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Scenario 2.
He finds a ball and plays it onto the fairway and then realises it was not his ball.
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Scenario 3.
He goes back to the rough, finds his ball immediately and hits it into a bunker.
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Scenario 4.
Prior to playing a stroke in the bunker, he smooths some footprints in the bunker with a rake. The footprints were not near his ball or his line of play. He plays the ball onto the putting green.
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Scenario 5.
He walks ahead of his ball and takes a practice swing on his line of putt, and touches the line in the process. He then holes the putt.