NOTES
1. The United Kingdom uses a modified deduction system, whereby a taxpayer’s
donation (by covenant or “gift aid”) is treated as having basic rate deducted; eligible
taxpayers may claim a credit for higher rate tax. This makes it equivalent to a deduction
system, where the relief depends on the taxpayer’s tax rate.
2. Washington Post: 30th May 2000.
3. Montana has had a credit since 1997. Indiana permits a credit of 50% of a gift up
to a maximum credit of $200. Oregon is currently debating Oregon Tax Credit bill. The
billwould permit a 105% tax credit, which would be carried over if not used. (House Bill
3342 Sponsored by Representative Hopson – 71st Oregon Legislative Assembly – 2001
Regular Session).
4. The income tax provisions of the tax reform took effect from 1988. Information
regarding tax reform was made public in the Tax Reform White Paper, dated 18th June
1987. The bill effecting the legislation was C-139, which became the Act, S.C. 1988, c.55.
Royal Assent was granted on 13th September, 1988.
5. Due to clawback of benefits, the actual “marginal tax” rate could be much higher.
Many benefits were targeted to taxpayers had low incomes, thus as incomes rose some
benefits were reduced or eliminated.
6. This limitations continued into the post-reform tax credit regime. The amount on
which the credit was computed was restricted to 20% of income for tax purposes. This
limitation was increased in 1996 to 50% and again in 1997 to 75%.
7. The threshold of $250 was reduced to $200 in 1994.
8. Since provincial tax was a percentage of the federal tax after tax credits, the benefit
to the taxpayer was increased by the lowering of the combined taxes payable.
9. The exact cost of giving varied slightly from these figures depending on the province
of residence of the taxpayer. For taxpayers giving less than $250, the marginal tax benefit
of giving was 17% (deduction at the lowest federal rate) plus the provincial tax (including
surtaxes) of about 10%. Thus, the marginal cost of giving was 73% (1-MTR). Similarly,
for taxpayers giving more than $250, the marginal benefit of giving was 29% (deduction
at the highest federal tax rate) plus provincial tax of about 17%. Thus, the marginal cost of
giving was 54%.
10. A taxpayer in the first decile giving $348 would have about the same after-tax cost
of giving: pre-reform $236 ($348 × 0.6788) and post-reform $235 ($250 × 0.73 + $98
× 0.54). A taxpayer in the sixth decile making a donation of $700 would have the same
after-tax cost of giving: pre-reform $426 ($700 × 0.6088) and post-reform $426 ($250 ×
0.73 + $450 × 0.54).
NOTES
1. The United Kingdom uses a modified deduction system, whereby a taxpayer’s
donation (by covenant or “gift aid”) is treated as having basic rate deducted; eligible
taxpayers may claim a credit for higher rate tax. This makes it equivalent to a deduction
system, where the relief depends on the taxpayer’s tax rate.
2. Washington Post: 30th May 2000.
3. Montana has had a credit since 1997. Indiana permits a credit of 50% of a gift up
to a maximum credit of $200. Oregon is currently debating Oregon Tax Credit bill. The
billwould permit a 105% tax credit, which would be carried over if not used. (House Bill
3342 Sponsored by Representative Hopson – 71st Oregon Legislative Assembly – 2001
Regular Session).
4. The income tax provisions of the tax reform took effect from 1988. Information
regarding tax reform was made public in the Tax Reform White Paper, dated 18th June
1987. The bill effecting the legislation was C-139, which became the Act, S.C. 1988, c.55.
Royal Assent was granted on 13th September, 1988.
5. Due to clawback of benefits, the actual “marginal tax” rate could be much higher.
Many benefits were targeted to taxpayers had low incomes, thus as incomes rose some
benefits were reduced or eliminated.
6. This limitations continued into the post-reform tax credit regime. The amount on
which the credit was computed was restricted to 20% of income for tax purposes. This
limitation was increased in 1996 to 50% and again in 1997 to 75%.
7. The threshold of $250 was reduced to $200 in 1994.
8. Since provincial tax was a percentage of the federal tax after tax credits, the benefit
to the taxpayer was increased by the lowering of the combined taxes payable.
9. The exact cost of giving varied slightly from these figures depending on the province
of residence of the taxpayer. For taxpayers giving less than $250, the marginal tax benefit
of giving was 17% (deduction at the lowest federal rate) plus the provincial tax (including
surtaxes) of about 10%. Thus, the marginal cost of giving was 73% (1-MTR). Similarly,
for taxpayers giving more than $250, the marginal benefit of giving was 29% (deduction
at the highest federal tax rate) plus provincial tax of about 17%. Thus, the marginal cost of
giving was 54%.
10. A taxpayer in the first decile giving $348 would have about the same after-tax cost
of giving: pre-reform $236 ($348 × 0.6788) and post-reform $235 ($250 × 0.73 + $98
× 0.54). A taxpayer in the sixth decile making a donation of $700 would have the same
after-tax cost of giving: pre-reform $426 ($700 × 0.6088) and post-reform $426 ($250 ×
0.73 + $450 × 0.54).
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