research is undertaken by the TLO, specifically through the IP Management Group (IPM) and the IP Policy Group (IPP). All national and international patent applications are drafted by IPM, and with over 150 applications submitted on average every year, it is one of Thailand’s most experienced IP management group. IPM is also responsible for any additional IPRs and other means of protection such as trade secrets and non-disclosure agreements (NDAs). Drafting NSTDA policies about the creation, protection and exploitation of IP is the responsibility of IPP, which also advises working committees at the Ministry of Science and Technology on IP policy.