Following are further developments in digital forensics:
• 1993—The first International Conference on Computer
Evidence was held in the United States.
• 1995—The International Organization on Computer
Evidence (IOCE) was formed.
• 1998—G8 appointed IOCE to create international
principles, guidelines and procedures for digital
evidence and the INTERPOL Forensic Science
Symposium, to respond to issues in computer
forensics. With the advent of cases admitting digital
evidence in court, there was a need for standardization.
• 2002—The SWGDE published “Best practices for
Computer Forensics.”5
• 2004—The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, which
was signed in 2001, became effective. The convention
worked to reconcile national computer crime laws,
investigative techniques and international cooperation.
The Convention was the first international treaty on
crimes committed via the Internet and other computer
networks, focusing on infringements of copyright,
computer-related fraud, child pornography, hate crimes
and violations of network security.6
The United States
was the sixteenth country to ratify the Convention in
2006.7
• 2005—The International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) published ISO 17025, General
requirements for the competence of testing and
calibration laboratories.