Bureaucracy is frequently associated with Kafkaesque visions of powerful, rigid,
hierarchical and standardised organizations, that correspond to the German
Sociologist Max Webers’ metaphor of “the iron cage”. Kallinkos notes:
The claim concerning the demise of bureaucracy has not been supported by the systematic
investigation of the organizational and occupational order of modernity (Kallinkos, 2004,
p. 14).