related to number of active treatments, making results more generalizable. This study provides support for the conduct of future caries-prevention clinical research in community health centers serving vulnerable and minority populations. Because the study occurred at these sites, findings are more generalizable to settings serving many high-caries-risk children than other potential locations. Similar results from the two clinical sites with different populations increase generalizability of the findings. Fluoride varnish and parental counseling should be recommended as part of caries prevention programs targeting infants and toddlers.