There are two defining characterstics of studio-based learning: students create their
own representations of their learning; and these representations are shared with peers and
experts, in both formal and informal contexts. In the context of App Inventor for Android
and introductory computing classes, this means that students create their own smart phone
applications, demonstrating them to each other and to their instructors. Abstract
principles such as iteration and sequencing are made concrete through practice, and both
understanding and retention are improved by formal and informal presentation.