1. INTRODUCTION
In Japan, the improvement and increase of the health by
the Health Promotion Low are promoted as a policy in order
to cope with both the rapid aging society and the change of
the disease structure into chronic diseases such as lifestyle
diseases. Such a background contributes to the activation of
health trends and lifetime sports. In particular, running is a
popular sport. Running is an aerobic whole body exercise
that people can easily involve, being an effective approach
for the prevention and improvement of lifestyle diseases.
Moreover, it has been reported that practice of running for a
long tenn can have an effect on healthy longevity[l].
While citizens are interested in running, the number of
citizen runners with disorders related to running increases.
Most of citizen runners do not know training methods and
have no expert knowledge about running. In order to resolve
the problems, we assumed that community sports clubs play
central roles for expanding correct knowledge and training
among citizen runners.
To instruct running, instructors are required to assist
citizen runner to establish the Plan-Do-See Cycle (PDSC)
that continues the setting of training objective and plan,
978-1-4673-2108-2/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE
execution of training, and evaluation of training for their
effective training. However, current instruction environments
in community sports clubs have limited number of
instructors, instruction time, frequency of instruction.
Although personal coaching is conducted by using paperbased
training diaries in order to make up for the shortage of
both the instruction time and the frequency of instruction, it
takes much time to return the diaries. Therefore there is room
for improvement on the instructions in community sports
clubs.
As a means for improving on the instructions, we focus
on e-learning systems using the information and
communication technologies (lCT). E-Iearning systems are
interactive education systems using the Internet. Generally,
the learner accesses a server system existing on the Internet
by using a Web browser, learning at his /her pace by using
the electronic leaning materials stored in the system. The
learner can also ask instructors by e-mail or by utilizing the
message board as needed. In addition, the learner can refer to
the learning management database and confinn his/her
learning status. The learner establishes PDSC in the learning
through these actions, to improve his/her learning. We
assume that the optimization of such a system for runners'
training and the combination of the optimized system and
existing instructions can assist citizen runners to establish
PDSC for their training. In fact, several researchers have
reported studies about physical activity intervention using
ICT[2, 3]. The results of those studies indicated the
possibility of promoting physical activities.
As for studies focusing on the usage of ICT in training
for running, a system which measures and stores
physiological information and exercise infonnation during
exercise for supporting personal exercise has been
reported[ 4]. Moreover, a system which organizes personal
training infonnation in real world and intercommunion
among runners and assists the runners in getting motivation
for their training has been reported[5]. Since these systems
need a portable monitoring system or a wearable sensor
system, these systems are difficult to apply to many runners
at the same time.
To effectively assist more citizen runners to establish
PDSC for their training, the purpose of this study is to
develop a web-based training management system and to
evaluate its effectiveness by applying the system to the
members in a community sports club.
1. INTRODUCTION
In Japan, the improvement and increase of the health by
the Health Promotion Low are promoted as a policy in order
to cope with both the rapid aging society and the change of
the disease structure into chronic diseases such as lifestyle
diseases. Such a background contributes to the activation of
health trends and lifetime sports. In particular, running is a
popular sport. Running is an aerobic whole body exercise
that people can easily involve, being an effective approach
for the prevention and improvement of lifestyle diseases.
Moreover, it has been reported that practice of running for a
long tenn can have an effect on healthy longevity[l].
While citizens are interested in running, the number of
citizen runners with disorders related to running increases.
Most of citizen runners do not know training methods and
have no expert knowledge about running. In order to resolve
the problems, we assumed that community sports clubs play
central roles for expanding correct knowledge and training
among citizen runners.
To instruct running, instructors are required to assist
citizen runner to establish the Plan-Do-See Cycle (PDSC)
that continues the setting of training objective and plan,
978-1-4673-2108-2/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE
execution of training, and evaluation of training for their
effective training. However, current instruction environments
in community sports clubs have limited number of
instructors, instruction time, frequency of instruction.
Although personal coaching is conducted by using paperbased
training diaries in order to make up for the shortage of
both the instruction time and the frequency of instruction, it
takes much time to return the diaries. Therefore there is room
for improvement on the instructions in community sports
clubs.
As a means for improving on the instructions, we focus
on e-learning systems using the information and
communication technologies (lCT). E-Iearning systems are
interactive education systems using the Internet. Generally,
the learner accesses a server system existing on the Internet
by using a Web browser, learning at his /her pace by using
the electronic leaning materials stored in the system. The
learner can also ask instructors by e-mail or by utilizing the
message board as needed. In addition, the learner can refer to
the learning management database and confinn his/her
learning status. The learner establishes PDSC in the learning
through these actions, to improve his/her learning. We
assume that the optimization of such a system for runners'
training and the combination of the optimized system and
existing instructions can assist citizen runners to establish
PDSC for their training. In fact, several researchers have
reported studies about physical activity intervention using
ICT[2, 3]. The results of those studies indicated the
possibility of promoting physical activities.
As for studies focusing on the usage of ICT in training
for running, a system which measures and stores
physiological information and exercise infonnation during
exercise for supporting personal exercise has been
reported[ 4]. Moreover, a system which organizes personal
training infonnation in real world and intercommunion
among runners and assists the runners in getting motivation
for their training has been reported[5]. Since these systems
need a portable monitoring system or a wearable sensor
system, these systems are difficult to apply to many runners
at the same time.
To effectively assist more citizen runners to establish
PDSC for their training, the purpose of this study is to
develop a web-based training management system and to
evaluate its effectiveness by applying the system to the
members in a community sports club.
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