Cadmium chloride (CdCl 2) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester
(CAPE) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Com-
pany (St. Louis, MO, USA). Commercial assay kits of total
reduced glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase
(SOD) activity, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
(TBARS) concentration were purchased from Cayman Che-
mical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). All other used chemicals and
reagents were of analytical grade and obtained from stan-
dard commercial supplies as stated under the sections of
their applications.