To support the union financially.These states are often targets of unions who would like to see the
Laws changed to provide a more supportive environment for unions.The national right to work committee provides support for those who oppose compulsory union membership.
An agreement that requires nonunion employees to pay the union a sum of money equal to union fees and dues as a condition of continuing employment is referred to as an agency shop.This Arrangement was designed as a compromise between the union’s desire to eliminate the free rider and management’s desire to make union membership voluntary.In such a case,if for whatever pay dues.Because workers will receive benefits negotiated by the union,they must pay their fair share.However,a 1998 Supreme Court ruling upheld nonunion members’ claims that claims that although in an agency shop they are forced to pay union dues,those monies must be specifically used for collective-bargaining purposes only-not for political lobbying.
The least desirable form of union security from a union perspective is the open shop. in which joining a union is totally voluntary. Those who do not join are not required to pay union dues or any associated fees. Workers who do join,typically have a maintenance-of-membership clause in the existing contract that dictates certain provisions. Specifically a maintenance-of-membership agreement states that employees who join the union are compelled to remain in the union for the duration of the existing contract. When the contract expires,most such agreement provide an escape clause-a short interval of time,usually ten days to two weeks-in which employees may choose to withdraw their membership from the union without penalty.
A provision that often exists in union security arrangement is a dues check-off,which occurs when the employer withholds union dues from members’ paychecks. similar to other pay withholdings,the employer collects the dues money and sends it to the union. Employers provide this service,and the union permits them to do so for several reason. Collecting dues takes time,so a dues check-off frees the union from collecting dues or setting up automatic withdrawals from members’ checking accounts.Furthermore,recognizing that union dues are the primary source of union income,knowledge of how much money is in the union treasury can clue management into whether a union is financially strong enough to endure a strike.Employers wishing to weaken a union’s finances have eliminated the dues check-off,forcing union representatives to collect dues themselves.
Dissatisfaction with Management
Employees who are leading the movement to certify union in businesses like Walmart rally employees that are dissatisfied with the action of managers.If employees are upset with company policies for benefits,promotions,the way their supervisor handles problems,or the discipline of a coworker,they are likely to seek help from a union.In fact,it is reasonable to believe that when employees vote to unionize,it’s often a vote against management or their immediate supervisor rather than a vote in support of a particular union.
Labor Legislation
The legal framework for labor-management relationships has played a crucial role in its development. Rather than present the detailed history and development of labor law,our discussion will focus on two important laws that have shaped much of the labor relations process.We’ll then briefly summarize other laws that have helped shape labor-management activities.
The Wagner Act
The National Labor Relations Act of 1935, commonly referred to as the Wagner Act, is the basic bill of rights for unions. This law guarantees workers the right to organize and join unions,bargain collectively, strike, and pursue activities that support their objectives. In terms of labor relations, the Wagner Act specifically requires employers to bargain in good faith over mandatory bargaining issues-wages,hours,and terms and conditions of employment.
The Wagner Act is cited as shifting the balance of power to favor unions for the first time in U.S. labor history.This was achieved in part through the establishment of the National Labor Relations Board(NLRB).This administrative body,consisting of five of members appointed by the president of the United states,was given the responsibility for determining appropriate bargaining units,conducting elections to determine union representation,and preventing or correcting employer actions that can lead to unfair labor practice charges.The NLRB,however,has only remedial,and not punitive,powers.
Unfair labor practices are defined in Section 8 of the act and include any employer tactics that:
-Interfere with,restrain,or coerce employees in the exercise of rights to join unions and to bargain collectively
-Dominate or interfere with the formation or administration of any labor organization or discriminate against anyone because of union activity
-Discharge or otherwise discriminate against any employee because he or she filed or gave testimony under the act
-Refuse to bargain collectively with the representatives chosen by the employees
The Wagner Act provided the legal recognition of unions as legitimate interest groups in American society,but many employers opposed its purposes.Some employers,too,failed to live up to the requirements of its provisions. That’s because
To support the union financially.These states are often targets of unions who would like to see the
Laws changed to provide a more supportive environment for unions.The national right to work committee provides support for those who oppose compulsory union membership.
An agreement that requires nonunion employees to pay the union a sum of money equal to union fees and dues as a condition of continuing employment is referred to as an agency shop.This Arrangement was designed as a compromise between the union’s desire to eliminate the free rider and management’s desire to make union membership voluntary.In such a case,if for whatever pay dues.Because workers will receive benefits negotiated by the union,they must pay their fair share.However,a 1998 Supreme Court ruling upheld nonunion members’ claims that claims that although in an agency shop they are forced to pay union dues,those monies must be specifically used for collective-bargaining purposes only-not for political lobbying.
The least desirable form of union security from a union perspective is the open shop. in which joining a union is totally voluntary. Those who do not join are not required to pay union dues or any associated fees. Workers who do join,typically have a maintenance-of-membership clause in the existing contract that dictates certain provisions. Specifically a maintenance-of-membership agreement states that employees who join the union are compelled to remain in the union for the duration of the existing contract. When the contract expires,most such agreement provide an escape clause-a short interval of time,usually ten days to two weeks-in which employees may choose to withdraw their membership from the union without penalty.
A provision that often exists in union security arrangement is a dues check-off,which occurs when the employer withholds union dues from members’ paychecks. similar to other pay withholdings,the employer collects the dues money and sends it to the union. Employers provide this service,and the union permits them to do so for several reason. Collecting dues takes time,so a dues check-off frees the union from collecting dues or setting up automatic withdrawals from members’ checking accounts.Furthermore,recognizing that union dues are the primary source of union income,knowledge of how much money is in the union treasury can clue management into whether a union is financially strong enough to endure a strike.Employers wishing to weaken a union’s finances have eliminated the dues check-off,forcing union representatives to collect dues themselves.
Dissatisfaction with Management
Employees who are leading the movement to certify union in businesses like Walmart rally employees that are dissatisfied with the action of managers.If employees are upset with company policies for benefits,promotions,the way their supervisor handles problems,or the discipline of a coworker,they are likely to seek help from a union.In fact,it is reasonable to believe that when employees vote to unionize,it’s often a vote against management or their immediate supervisor rather than a vote in support of a particular union.
Labor Legislation
The legal framework for labor-management relationships has played a crucial role in its development. Rather than present the detailed history and development of labor law,our discussion will focus on two important laws that have shaped much of the labor relations process.We’ll then briefly summarize other laws that have helped shape labor-management activities.
The Wagner Act
The National Labor Relations Act of 1935, commonly referred to as the Wagner Act, is the basic bill of rights for unions. This law guarantees workers the right to organize and join unions,bargain collectively, strike, and pursue activities that support their objectives. In terms of labor relations, the Wagner Act specifically requires employers to bargain in good faith over mandatory bargaining issues-wages,hours,and terms and conditions of employment.
The Wagner Act is cited as shifting the balance of power to favor unions for the first time in U.S. labor history.This was achieved in part through the establishment of the National Labor Relations Board(NLRB).This administrative body,consisting of five of members appointed by the president of the United states,was given the responsibility for determining appropriate bargaining units,conducting elections to determine union representation,and preventing or correcting employer actions that can lead to unfair labor practice charges.The NLRB,however,has only remedial,and not punitive,powers.
Unfair labor practices are defined in Section 8 of the act and include any employer tactics that:
-Interfere with,restrain,or coerce employees in the exercise of rights to join unions and to bargain collectively
-Dominate or interfere with the formation or administration of any labor organization or discriminate against anyone because of union activity
-Discharge or otherwise discriminate against any employee because he or she filed or gave testimony under the act
-Refuse to bargain collectively with the representatives chosen by the employees
The Wagner Act provided the legal recognition of unions as legitimate interest groups in American society,but many employers opposed its purposes.Some employers,too,failed to live up to the requirements of its provisions. That’s because
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