It is imperative to note that there are a number of
known challenges with regard to case definition
of suicide that potentially introduce bias into any
study that includes this outcome. For example,
there is considerable variation among states in this
country as to who is mandated to report a death
from suicide, ranging from coroners’ offices to
the reporting physician at the time of death. The
coding of mortality data changed significantly in
1999 (from ICD-9 to ICD-10), so that the number
of deaths and death rates due to suicide and
accidental death before 1999 and after may not be
readily comparable (Hoyert et al., 2001). In 2003,
the National Center for Health Statistics further
revised the ICD-10 Injury Mortality Matrix to finalize
groupings of ICD-10 external cause of injury
classifications, affecting groupings related to both
suicide and motor vehicle accidental deaths.
Finally, there is an ongoing debate regarding how
best to achieve a better understanding of the
potentially diverse ways that clinicians and
researchers may define suicidal behaviors, and
how these discrepancies in nomenclature should
be addressed. Further limitations may exist due
to the presence of unknown bias caused by
misclassification of accidental deaths, some of
which may in fact be deaths due to suicide. Many
of the studies on trauma and suicide rely on selfreported
data of an attempted suicide. Currently,
there is no central registry of attempted suicide
events in the United States that might serve to
validate studies that use suicide attempts as an
outcome that may occur years after exposure
to trauma. Despite these limitations, a growing
number of studies suggest that previous trauma
is associated with an increased risk of suicidal
behaviors (Afifi et al., 2008; Brodsky et al., 2001;
Ryb et al., 2006; Sarchiapone et al., in press).
It is imperative to note that there are a number ofknown challenges with regard to case definitionof suicide that potentially introduce bias into anystudy that includes this outcome. For example,there is considerable variation among states in thiscountry as to who is mandated to report a deathfrom suicide, ranging from coroners’ offices tothe reporting physician at the time of death. Thecoding of mortality data changed significantly in1999 (from ICD-9 to ICD-10), so that the numberof deaths and death rates due to suicide andaccidental death before 1999 and after may not bereadily comparable (Hoyert et al., 2001). In 2003,the National Center for Health Statistics furtherrevised the ICD-10 Injury Mortality Matrix to finalizegroupings of ICD-10 external cause of injuryclassifications, affecting groupings related to bothsuicide and motor vehicle accidental deaths.Finally, there is an ongoing debate regarding howbest to achieve a better understanding of thepotentially diverse ways that clinicians andresearchers may define suicidal behaviors, andhow these discrepancies in nomenclature shouldbe addressed. Further limitations may exist dueto the presence of unknown bias caused bymisclassification of accidental deaths, some ofwhich may in fact be deaths due to suicide. Manyof the studies on trauma and suicide rely on selfreporteddata of an attempted suicide. Currently,there is no central registry of attempted suicideevents in the United States that might serve tovalidate studies that use suicide attempts as anoutcome that may occur years after exposureto trauma. Despite these limitations, a growingnumber of studies suggest that previous traumais associated with an increased risk of suicidalbehaviors (Afifi et al., 2008; Brodsky et al., 2001;Ryb et al., 2006; Sarchiapone et al., in press).
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