Second, it is clear that not all of the knowledge and skills are unique and novel to this century.
Cognitive skills such as critical thinking, problem solving, job and life skills, and synthesis have a long
empirical history closely connected with academic achievement. These skills rather than being novel to
the 21st century and necessary for success in the 21st century, are skills that are required for successful
learning and achievement in any time, including but not limited to the 21st century. Additionally,
interpersonal skills such as communication, collaboration, and ethical awareness/emotional regulation
have been integral to successful interpersonal relationships for centuries. One must be able to effectively
regulate ones needs and goals with that of the larger society to successfully navigate our social world.
These skills are also important, and have been historically, in classrooms where there is an intricate
balance between the student and the class.