Null
Represents value for an attribute that is currently unknown or not
applicable for tuple.
Deals with incomplete or exceptional data.
Represents the absence of a value and is not the same as zero or spaces, which are values.
• Entity Integrity
In a base relation, no attribute of a primary key can be null.
• Referential Integrity
If foreign key exists in a relation, either foreign key value must match a candidate key value of some tuple in its home relation or foreign key value must be wholly null.
• General Constraints
Additional rules specified by users or database administrators that define or constrain some aspect of the enterprise.