The lubricating oils used were commercially available
marine two-stroke products provided by Fuchs Lubricants
(Australasia) Pty Ltd. The mineral-derived lubricant
(MDL) used was Titan Marine TCW3 and the vegetable
derived lubricant (VDL-1A and VDL-1B) was Planto
Twin SL1 and a new formulation of Planto Twin SL1
(VDL-2). WAFs of the lubricants were produced 24 h prior
to usage. Filtered (1.0 mm) seawater was transferred into
a clean 10 l glass jar with a glass tap near the base. The
lubricating oil was then added at a ratio of 9:1 (seawater:
oil). The seawater and oil solution was mixed using a
magnetic stirrer for 20 h and left to settle for 24 h prior
to use in each experiment. The WAF was sampled from
the tap at the base of the bottle and sub-samples taken
in order to measure and characterize the hydrocarbon
content of the WAF.