Background: A complex and coordinated interaction between maternal, placental and fetal factors influences the
normal fetal growth. Any disruption in this complex system can lead to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).The
main objective of the study is to evaluate histomorphometric differences in umbilical vessels of appropriate for
gestational age (AGA) and intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) neonates and to observe histomorphometric
differences existing in umbilical vessels between male and female sex.