Outside of North America, almost all pipe compounds use lead stabilizers, commonly in the form of one-packs with proprietary multipurpose lubricants. The heart of such systems is a blend of 0.3-0.5 phr tribasic lead sulfate, usually stearate coated, and 0.2-0.3 phr of dibasic lead stearate. This system does not require equipment in contact with the compound to be chrome plated. As a result equipment wear is lower. This factor and the fact that if degradation occurs, failure is gradual, without sudden compound burning, are the major advantages in using lead stabilizers in this application. The drawback in the need to protect workers from exposure. Levels of lead extraction by the environment have been found to be extremely low, of the order of 0.01 mg/pkg product [50]. In areas of the world where both tin and lead stabilizers are viewed emotionally, cium-zinc-acid acceptor stabilizers can be used, at some efficiency.