Travel time, distance traveled and CO2 emissions: Travel
time is the metric of interest for vehicular network users.
Figure 5 (a) illustrates the average travel time of vehicles per
scenario. In other words, the figure shows how much time
on average a vehicle spends to complete its trip. The data
presented in Figure 5 (a) indicates that CARTIM reduces the
average travel time in scenarios 4 and 5 (compared to 3),
since in these scenarios the congestion minimization technique
is used by vehicles. In scenario 5, as the infrastructure was
present, it can be seen in the Figure 4 chart that vehicles
reached their destinations in the shortest average time.