A geographic information system (GIS) based noise model that includes the street network for the Munich inner city (around2800 km) was used to estimate road traffic noise levels in 2007 on a5 m grid, 4 m above ground level, in 5 A-weighted decibel-intervals[dB(A)]. Details of the modeling approach have been published pre-piously (Birk et al., 2011). Briefly, weighted equivalent noise levels in dB(A) over a full day (Laden, weighted yearly average noise level between 6 a.m. to 6 p.m., 6 p.m. to 10 p.m., and 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.)and at night (Light, yearly average noise level between 10 p.m.to 6 a.m.) were modeled according to the European Noise Directive (The European Parliament and The Council of the European Union 2002). The annual average lowest level of noise over a full day or night within a 50 m buffer around each child’s home address(Laden min and Light min, respectively) were used in this study, as we previously reported significantly positive associations between these noise exposures and BP (Liu et al., 2013).