In this paper, various significant (WSN) technologies have
been presented with focus on Cognitive radio which is an
emerging wireless communication technique in which the
wireless node has the ability to sense the transmission
spectrum and identify vacant wave slots in the spectrum and
adjust its transmission / reception characteristics in such a way
to make use of the vacant channels, this way improving
utilization of the scarce radio band and improve its
communication abilities without interfering with other users of
the radio spectrum. In this work, the application of cognitive
radio in the area of animal welfare is proposed. The reason for
choosing cognitive radio is due to its advantages in utilizing
partially vacant radio channels without interfering with other
licensed users of the radio wave spectrum. This also can widen
the scope of the described reindeer tracking and identification
process to cover larger spatial areas tracking into
consideration that the reindeer is a semi-wild animal that
roams large areas in search of its pasture.