Findings: A development framework for tourism and
hospitality in higher vocational education
As with the different operational methods and HR structures within other industries, the
education and training system for industry has also developed differently (Baum, 2001).
From an educational perspective, industrial preparations have focussed on fundamental and
practical skills (Gillespie & Baum, 2000), as well as the role of cultural transmission and
communication (Sigala & Baum, 2003). Thus, the framework must have structures that
reflect the uniqueness of TH education. The framework of this study is based on Mason
Durie’s 1998 Whare Tapawha Model (Durie, 1998).