In recent years it has been proposed that instead of traditional feed stocks (starch crops), cellulosic biomass (cellulose and hemicellulose), such as agricultural and forestry residues, waste paper, and industrial wastes, could be used as an ideally inexpensive and abundantly available source of sugar for fermentation into the sustainable
transportation fuel ethanol (Fujita et al., 2002; Edwards and Doran-Peterson, 2012). Cellulose is deceptively simple chemically, a polymer consisting
only of glucose linked only by β 1, 4 bonds. But
cellulose samples of different origin vary widely in
chain length and the degree of interaction between
the chains (Eveleigh et al., 2009).