although not as effective as treatment with RF. Whereas
the filler generally spreads as particles throughout the
dermis, filler particles were observed only in the tunnels
in the mid or lower dermis after RF treatment with the
INNOfill device. Consequently, the duration of the local
mass effect was longer. We thus characterize these tunnels
as autologous containment collagen canals, and suggest
that such canals represent the core mechanism of the RF
needle device. Furthermore, these canals also act as a
protective barrier against exogenous oxygen radicals. In
this way, the protective and storage capacity of the autologous
containment collagen canals likely prolongs the
duration of the HA filler effect and reduces the amount of
filler required for individual treatments.