Type 2 diabetes: An example of
the critical role of exercise in disease
prevention and treatment
Although all of the conditions listed in Table 2 are important for
older adults, there is an especially urgent need for better strategies
to address the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes. This condition
may be conceptualized as a lifestyle-related disorder, linked to
sedentary behavior and visceral obesity in genetically susceptible
individuals.39 Visceral obesity carries with it many more health
problems than general obesity and, along with sedentary behavior,
links insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, systemic
inflammation, type 2 diabetes and the vastly elevated risk of
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this cohort. Visceral
adipose tissue produces inflammatory “adipokines”, which
appear to be causally linked to insulin resistance in muscles, liver,
and endothelial cells. Coupled with the sarcopenia of aging and
inactivity (which limits the major site and stimulus for peripheral
glucose uptake and storage), these body composition and
behavioral changes lead directly to the metabolic derangements
characterizing this syndrome (see Figure 2).
Type 2 diabetes: An example ofthe critical role of exercise in diseaseprevention and treatmentAlthough all of the conditions listed in Table 2 are important forolder adults, there is an especially urgent need for better strategiesto address the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes. This conditionmay be conceptualized as a lifestyle-related disorder, linked tosedentary behavior and visceral obesity in genetically susceptibleindividuals.39 Visceral obesity carries with it many more healthproblems than general obesity and, along with sedentary behavior,links insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, systemicinflammation, type 2 diabetes and the vastly elevated risk ofcardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this cohort. Visceraladipose tissue produces inflammatory “adipokines”, whichappear to be causally linked to insulin resistance in muscles, liver,and endothelial cells. Coupled with the sarcopenia of aging andinactivity (which limits the major site and stimulus for peripheralglucose uptake and storage), these body composition andbehavioral changes lead directly to the metabolic derangementscharacterizing this syndrome (see Figure 2).
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