Breech delivery refers to a vaginal or cesarean birth in which the buttocks of a fetus are
directed downward and enter the maternal pelvis (i.e., birth canal) before the head. Types of
breech presentation include
› frank breech, in which the hips are flexed, knees are extended, and feet are by the fetal
head
› complete breech, in which both hips and both knees are flexed and the feet are near the
buttocks (Cunningham et al., 2010); sometimes referred to as a squatting or cannonball
position
› incomplete breech, in which one or both hips are not flexed and one or both feet or knees
lie below the buttocks. Footling breech is an incomplete breech presentation in which one
or both fetal feet present first