2.1. GP preparation
A sample of winemaking by-products of the Pinot Noir red
grape (Vitis vinifera) variety was provided by a winery in Poland
from their 2012 crop. The material was lyophilized to a moisture
content of approximately 2–4%, and the skins were separated from
the seeds with the aid of a sieve and milled to a fine powder (i.d.
6150
lm).