New cutoffs to define penicillin-susceptible (MIC s 0.125 mg/L), intermediate resistant (MIC025-2 mg/L) and resistant (MIC> 4 mg/L) streptococci
New cutoffs to define penicillin-susceptible (MICs0.06 mg/L), intermediate resistant (MIC 0.125-2 mg/L), and resistant (MIC 24 mg/L) pneumococcal strains
Ceftriaxone is an option in endocarditis caused by relatively penicillin resistant (MIC 0.125-2 mg/L) oral streptococci and the Streptococcus bovis group, preferably by outpatient administration
Desensitization in patients with methicillin-susceptible aureus endocarditis and allergy to beta lactams
High-dose vancomycin for staphylococcal endocarditis: 30-60 mg/kg/d, divided into 2-3 doses (trough level 220 mg/L)
High-dose daptomycin to treat S aureus endocarditis in patients allergic to penicillin and infections caused by methicillin-resistant strainsb
Rifampicin for prosthetic valve endocarditis following 3-5 d of effective treatment at a lower dose (900-1200 mg/d, divided into 2-3 doses)
six weeks' duration of endocarditis therapy for prosthetic valve infection due to HACEK group microorganisms
Doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine for Coxiella bumetii(Qfever) endocarditis
High-dose echinocandins to treat endocarditis due to Candida spp.
Voriconazole (combined or not with echinocandins or amphotericin B) to treat endocarditis caused by Aspergillus
New initial empirical therapy regimen for native valve infection: ampicillin, cloxacillin, and gentamicin
This combination enables treatment of all cases of E faecalis endocarditis with no ris f toxicity and regardless of the degree ofaminoglycoside resistance. Administration with a second antibiotic is proposed to increase the activity and avo he emergence of resistance.