Results
Participant characteristics (mean± SD)were as follows: age, 20.8±0.8
years, weight 71.5 ± 12.4 kg, BMI 23.0 ± 2.4 kg·m−2. These characteris-
tics were similar for themeal and nomeal groups, as were the baseline
scores for the various outcomemeasures (Fig. 5 and Table 2). All of the
participants in the meal group ate all of the pizza served to them.
Both hunger and pizza liking decreased in participants who ate
(meal group), but remained unchanged in the participants who did
not receive a meal (Meal by Before/After interaction: hunger
F(1,46) = 58.27, p < .0001; liking F(1,46) = 9.31, p = .038; Fig. 5). In the
meal group, the decrease in hunger ratings was much greater than
the decrease in liking ratings (−45.8 ± 3.3mmversus −11.9 ± 3.0mm).
Food reward was reduced after consumption of the pizza meal
compared with no meal (Table 2). Of the three measures of food
reward, desire to eat showed the most reliable decrease, and the
work-for-food measure the least reliable decrease after the meal
versus no meal. Responding on the monetary reward task was un-
affected by eating or waiting for the equivalent period (Table 2).