Typically, PDI ranges from 0 to 100 with
higher scores for Asian countries than their European
counterparts where the average PDI in Asia is 71. Thus in
theory, countries that have a lower PDI expect and accept
power relations that are more consultative and open to public
participation which is one ofthe key drivers of SEA. Finally,the
findings were synthesized within a SEA paradigm framework
consisting of structured vs. non-structured policy instruments
and their effectiveness in Asia