4.1 0-D simulations
The first part of this study is developed in a 0-D framework, to identify a trade-off region between the increase in autoignition delay time and slow down of burning velocity due to EGR addition. While the former is a desired result, the latter is a drawback brought in by this technology. Focusing on the burning velocity side, the sensitivity of this parameter to EGR addition is evaluated in a 0-D approach based on the reasonable assumption that the EGR rate is not influencing the in-cylinder turbulence level, since water is injected in the intake port by a low-pressure injection system. This allows to consider the turbulent burn rate as dependent on the laminar burning velocity, and whatever change in burning rate is introduced by EGR, this can be evaluated from the Metghalchi and Keck correlation for laminar flame speed [12] which is adopted in the 3D-CFD code. The reference combustion duration is the one given by the reference 3D-CFD simulation, without water addition. Regarding the increase in autoignition delay times, these are directly evaluated from the chemical kinetics software for the various EGR rates, through a 0-D constant pressure reactor; their calculation is essentially ‘laminar’ and well suited to the 0-D evaluation here proposed.