The primary source of lightning is the cloud type
termed cumulonimbus, commonly referred to as the thundercloud.
The term “cumulonimbus cloud” is often used in
the literature, although it is redundant. Strictly speaking, not
every cumulonimbus produces lightning (e.g., Imyanitov
et al. 1971), that is, a thundercloud could be more properly
defined as a lightning-producing cumulonimbus. Sometimes
the term “thunderstorm” is used as a synonym for
thundercloud, although a thunderstorm is usually a system
of thunderclouds rather than a single thundercloud. Lightning
produced by thunderclouds formed over forest fires or
contaminated by smoke is considered in Section 5.2. The
electrical properties of clouds other than the cumulonimbus
(primarily stratiform clouds) are reviewed in Section 3.3,
and further information can be found, for example, in the
books by Imyanitov et al. (1971) and by MacGorman and
Rust (1998: Chapter 2 and Section 8.4). Lightning-like electrical
discharges can also be generated in the ejected material
above volcanoes, in sandstorms, and in nuclear explosions
(Section 20.7). Clouds on planets other than Earth as
potential sources of lightning are discussed in Chapter 16
The primary source of lightning is the cloud typetermed cumulonimbus, commonly referred to as the thundercloud.The term “cumulonimbus cloud” is often used inthe literature, although it is redundant. Strictly speaking, notevery cumulonimbus produces lightning (e.g., Imyanitovet al. 1971), that is, a thundercloud could be more properlydefined as a lightning-producing cumulonimbus. Sometimesthe term “thunderstorm” is used as a synonym forthundercloud, although a thunderstorm is usually a systemof thunderclouds rather than a single thundercloud. Lightningproduced by thunderclouds formed over forest fires orcontaminated by smoke is considered in Section 5.2. Theelectrical properties of clouds other than the cumulonimbus(primarily stratiform clouds) are reviewed in Section 3.3,and further information can be found, for example, in thebooks by Imyanitov et al. (1971) and by MacGorman andRust (1998: Chapter 2 and Section 8.4). Lightning-like electricaldischarges can also be generated in the ejected materialabove volcanoes, in sandstorms, and in nuclear explosions(Section 20.7). Clouds on planets other than Earth aspotential sources of lightning are discussed in Chapter 16
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