Through the works of Deming (1982) and Juran (1988),
the process concept emerged as a cornerstone of Total Quality Management. While a task implies a set of activities performed by one actor, a process includes two or more tasks that together transform inputs into results valued by the customer (Harrington, 1991; Rummler and Brache, 1995). Quality management focused on improving the process rather than sorting out defectives.