and
visualization. And the basic concept of 3D map symbol model
and the relation between traditional 2D symbol and 3D map
symbol are stated, which include (1) 3D symbol is not to deny or
abort using 2D symbols, but to complement and enhance 2D
symbols; (2) 3D symbol enriches and augments the way of map
representation, promotes the study on the latest 3D area of
cartography, and acts as critical role on research