In a large, randomized, controlled trial of diet and blood pressure that provided a diet for 8 wk that included 8.5 or 3.6 (control) servings of vegetables and fruit daily, the participants who consumed the higher vegetableand-fruit diet had a greater reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure than did the control subjects (103). In addition, the hypertensive subjects had greater reductions in blood pressure than did the normotensive subjects. The diets were designed to be isoenergetic and maintain body weight; to have similar distributions of carbohydrate, protein, and fat; and to have the same amounts of calcium and sodium. Dietary fiber, magnesium, and potassium intakes were 2–3 times higher with the vegetable and fruit diet. Under these conditions, changes in blood pressure could be attributed to the increased vegetable and fruit intakes. A third study arm with vegetables and fruit plus low-fat dairy products reduced blood pressure even further.