Correspondence to:
Dr. Brenda Hemmelgarn, Division of Nephrology, Foothills Hospital, 1403 29th St. NW, Calgary AB T2N 2T9; fax 403 944-2876; brenda.hemmelgarn@calgaryhealthregion.ca
New guidelines for the management of chronic kidney disease have been developed by the Canadian Society of Nephrology (Appendix 1 contains the full-text guidelines; available at www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/179/11/1154/DC1). These guidelines describe key aspects of the management of chronic kidney disease to facilitate shared care for these patients by general practitioners and specialists, including internists, endocrinologists, cardiologists and nephrologists. Specifically, these guidelines are for the care of patients who are not receiving dialysis. In this review, we outline recommendations from the guidelines on aspects of management of chronic kidney disease, including targets for various abnormalities, strategies for treatment and the frequency of follow-up based on the evidence available.
Chronic kidney disease is estimated to affect between 1.9 million and 2.3 million Canadians. It constitutes a major public health problem.1 Chronic kidney disease often coexists with cardiovascular disease and diabetes and is recognized as a risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease.2–4
The definition of chronic kidney disease has been simplified over the last 5 years. It is now defined as the presence of kidney damage for a period greater than 3 months. An estimated or measured glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 is considered abnormal for all adults. A rate of more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 is considered abnormal if it is accompanied by abnormalities of urine sediment or abnormal results of imaging tests, or if the patient has had a kidney biopsy with documented abnormalities.5 As the reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rates has become more common, the relatively high prevalence of impaired kidney function (i.e., estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) has become evident.6
The National Kidney Foundation in the United States has published a classification system based on glomerular filtration rate as well as urinary and anatomic abnormalities (Table 1) to enhance the identification and management of chronic kidney disease.5 Controversies exist in the literature as to the validity of this classification system based on estimated glomerular filtration rate for certain patient groups. However, awareness and attention to chronic kidney disease have increased since the publication of this staging system and the surrounding education.7
Correspondence to:
Dr. Brenda Hemmelgarn, Division of Nephrology, Foothills Hospital, 1403 29th St. NW, Calgary AB T2N 2T9; fax 403 944-2876; brenda.hemmelgarn@calgaryhealthregion.ca
New guidelines for the management of chronic kidney disease have been developed by the Canadian Society of Nephrology (Appendix 1 contains the full-text guidelines; available at www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/179/11/1154/DC1). These guidelines describe key aspects of the management of chronic kidney disease to facilitate shared care for these patients by general practitioners and specialists, including internists, endocrinologists, cardiologists and nephrologists. Specifically, these guidelines are for the care of patients who are not receiving dialysis. In this review, we outline recommendations from the guidelines on aspects of management of chronic kidney disease, including targets for various abnormalities, strategies for treatment and the frequency of follow-up based on the evidence available.
Chronic kidney disease is estimated to affect between 1.9 million and 2.3 million Canadians. It constitutes a major public health problem.1 Chronic kidney disease often coexists with cardiovascular disease and diabetes and is recognized as a risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease.2–4
The definition of chronic kidney disease has been simplified over the last 5 years. It is now defined as the presence of kidney damage for a period greater than 3 months. An estimated or measured glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 is considered abnormal for all adults. A rate of more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 is considered abnormal if it is accompanied by abnormalities of urine sediment or abnormal results of imaging tests, or if the patient has had a kidney biopsy with documented abnormalities.5 As the reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rates has become more common, the relatively high prevalence of impaired kidney function (i.e., estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) has become evident.6
The National Kidney Foundation in the United States has published a classification system based on glomerular filtration rate as well as urinary and anatomic abnormalities (Table 1) to enhance the identification and management of chronic kidney disease.5 Controversies exist in the literature as to the validity of this classification system based on estimated glomerular filtration rate for certain patient groups. However, awareness and attention to chronic kidney disease have increased since the publication of this staging system and the surrounding education.7
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