Contents
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................... 2
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................... 5
GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 8
1.1 TOURISM OUTLOOK - SINGAPORE ..................................................................................................................... 8
1.2 CONTEXT AND MOTIVATION .......................................................................................................................... 14
1.3 RESEARCH FOCUS ........................................................................................................................................ 15
1.4 SCOPE OF THE THESIS ................................................................................................................................... 15
1.5 OUTLINE OF THE THESIS ................................................................................................................................ 16
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................. 18
2.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 18
2.2 TRAVELLING IN TIME OF CRISIS AND RISK .......................................................................................................... 19
2.3 INCOME AND TRAVEL DISTANCE ..................................................................................................................... 21
2.4 TRAVEL EXPENDITURES ................................................................................................................................. 23
2.5 INTENTIONS TO TRAVEL................................................................................................................................. 24
2.6 TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR AND TRAVEL AGENCY........................................................................................................ 26
2.7 INFLUENCES ON ATTRIBUTES .......................................................................................................................... 27
2.8 PREFERENCE OF PURCHASE (ON-LINE VS. WALK IN)............................................................................................. 28
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 32
3.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 32
3.2 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT................................................................................................................................ 32
3.3 RESEARCH DESIGN ....................................................................................................................................... 33
3.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................................................... 33
3.5 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS............................................................................................................................. 33
3.6 SAMPLING AND POPULATION ......................................................................................................................... 33
3.7 DATA COLLECTION STRATEGIES....................................................................................................................... 33
3.8 DATA ANALYSIS ...........................................
CHAPTER FOUR: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS.................................................................................... 35
4.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 35
4.2 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBJECTS ................................................................................................. 35
4.3 TRAVELLING PROFILE OF SUBJECTS .................................................................................................................. 36
4.4 FACTORS AFFECTING TRENDS FOR TRAVEL ........................................................................................................ 38
4.5 BRAND AWARENESS - CTC HOLIDAYS.............................................................................................................. 40
4.6 HYPOTHESIS 1: TRENDS OF TRAVELLING EXPENDITURE........................................................................................ 41
4.7 HYPOTHESIS 2: TOTAL TURNOVER ON TRAVEL ................................................................................................... 43
4.8 HYPOTHESIS 3: PREFERRED MODE OF PURCHASES AND AGE GROUP........................................................................ 44
4.9 HYPOTHESIS 4: INCOME LEVEL AND THE TEN (10) MOST PREFERRED DESTINATIONS ................................................ 46
4.10 HYPOTHESIS 5: EXISTING TRENDS AND THE RECENT THEORY ................................................................................ 48
CHAPTER FIVE: RECOMMENDATION & CONCLUSION..................................................................................... 54
5.1 RECOMMENDATION ..................................................................................................................................... 54
5.2 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................................. 59
5.3 AREAS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH ...................................................................................................................... 60
APPENDIX A - QUESTIONNAIRE ..