Rawlsian – maximizes the utility received by the person deriving the lowest utility - a maximum principle, maximizing the minimum utility realized by anyone. This principle is highly equalizing as it applies the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society. Rawls posits the “veil of ignorance” so that people could deliberate as equals. Rawls argues that people would unanimously exhibit risk aversion. This is in the spirit of the “social contract” of Locke and Rousseau. Criticism - proposes extreme redistribution that reduces incentives to create wealth.