Previous studies have examined physical risk factors in relation to functional health, but less work has focused
on the protective role of psychological and social factors. We examined the individual and joint protective contribution of
control beliefs, social support and physical exercise to changes in functional health, beyond the influence of health status
and physical risk factors in middle-aged and older adults. Given that functional health typically declines throughout
adulthood, it is important to identify modifiable factors that can be implemented to maintain functioning, improve quality
of life, and reduce disability