These ideas were crystallized and popularized by Osborne and Gaebler‘s book, Reinventing Government (1992; see also Osborne and Plastrik 1997). Osborne and Gaebler provided a number of now-familiar principles through which “public entrepreneurs” might bring about massive governmental reform—ideas that remain at the core of the New Public Management. Osborne and Gaebler intended these principles to serve as a new conceptual or nonnative framework for public administration, an ana-lytical checklist to transform the actions of government: “What we are describing is nothing less than a shift in the basic model of governance used in America. This shift is under way all around us, but because we are not looking for it, because we assume that all governments have to be big, centralized, and bureaucratic, we seldom see it. We are blind to the new realities, because they do not fit our preconceptions” (1992, 321).