Emergence of Flexible Specialization
Fragmentation of the Fordist firm - vertical disintegration (shedding non-central functions; outsourcing) and Market fragmentation (niche)
Adoption of new technologies, especially those dependent upon computers and telecommunications (CAD/CAM/FMS)
Labor force adjustments
functional flexibility (multiskilling)
numeric flexibility (adjusting quantities by task)
financial flexibility (wage rate adjustment)
more part time, short-term, temporary work