The following year, Szabo et al. (1994) also recognised a shortage
in data regarding human occupant response to low speed impact,
which they too defined as a delta-V of 13 km/h (8 mph) or less. They
opined that “Actual crash testing with human volunteers remains
the only valid method to determine response and tolerance to low
speed, rear end impacts.” Six crash tests were conducted using US
Ford Escort motorcars, vehicles which were dissimilar to their UK
namesakes and specifically chosen for their resistance to damage.
The five volunteer subjects, of which two were female, were aged
between 27 and 58 and had varying degrees of cervical and lumbar
spinal degeneration. From their results the authors suggested
an injury threshold of 8 km/h speed change (5 mph) and concluded
that their work “enhanced the existing database of volunteer studies
that, for restrained occupants with a head restraint available,
single exposure to a rear-end collision with a delta-V of 8 km/h or
less is within human tolerance levels, and extends the database to
include females with some degree of pre-existing spinal pathology”.
The following year, Szabo et al. (1994) also recognised a shortage
in data regarding human occupant response to low speed impact,
which they too defined as a delta-V of 13 km/h (8 mph) or less. They
opined that “Actual crash testing with human volunteers remains
the only valid method to determine response and tolerance to low
speed, rear end impacts.” Six crash tests were conducted using US
Ford Escort motorcars, vehicles which were dissimilar to their UK
namesakes and specifically chosen for their resistance to damage.
The five volunteer subjects, of which two were female, were aged
between 27 and 58 and had varying degrees of cervical and lumbar
spinal degeneration. From their results the authors suggested
an injury threshold of 8 km/h speed change (5 mph) and concluded
that their work “enhanced the existing database of volunteer studies
that, for restrained occupants with a head restraint available,
single exposure to a rear-end collision with a delta-V of 8 km/h or
less is within human tolerance levels, and extends the database to
include females with some degree of pre-existing spinal pathology”.
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