In particular, at lower loading of Zn precursor (<14%), ZnO particles have amorphous structure. This property guarantees aneasier release of Zn2+ ions than in crystalline ZnO NPs, favoringthe reaction with stearic acid and the successive formation of thesulfuring zinc complex along the curing process. Moreover, theimmobilization of ZnO NPs on the silica surface, due to the covalentSiAOAZn bond, minimizes the Zn leaching, provides a homogeneous dispersion of zinc and increases the accessibility of curingreactants to Zn2+ ions. On the contrary, at higher Zn precursor content the hydrolyzed Zn(OH)n2n units further condense giving larger and crystalline ZnO particles anchored to the silica surface,whose activity in curing is lower than that of the amorphous ones.
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