In conclusion, we found that supplementation of ewes
with natural vitE had a positive impact on γIFN expression
in lambs that were immunized with BCG. The consumption
of A. nodosum seaweed meal by the ewes at the levels
applied in our study decreased the serum IgG concentrations
in the ewes and also lowered the passive immunity
of the lambs during their first week of life. Therefore,
supplementation with seaweed meal should be avoided
during late gestation and early lactation. The seaweeds
supplementation we used had no influence on adaptive
immunity. Further research is warranted to assess seaweed
components and the mechanisms responsible for their
effects, and best practice models need to be established
for inclusion of whole seaweed products in animal feed.
Conflict of interest
The authors report that there is no confict of interest
relevant to this publicaton.
Acknowledgment
We thank Skule and Hans Jørgen Skulstad for allowing
us to study their sheep herd, and Elisabeth Furuseth
Hansen and Grete Marie Johansen (Norwegian School of
Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway) for performing the
laboratory analysis of the immunological parameters. This
study has been funded by a grant from the Foundation for
Research Levy on Agricultural Products, the Agricultural
Agreement Research Fund, and the Research Council of
Norway (Project no. 190301/I10)
In conclusion, we found that supplementation of eweswith natural vitE had a positive impact on γIFN expressionin lambs that were immunized with BCG. The consumptionof A. nodosum seaweed meal by the ewes at the levelsapplied in our study decreased the serum IgG concentrationsin the ewes and also lowered the passive immunityof the lambs during their first week of life. Therefore,supplementation with seaweed meal should be avoidedduring late gestation and early lactation. The seaweedssupplementation we used had no influence on adaptiveimmunity. Further research is warranted to assess seaweedcomponents and the mechanisms responsible for theireffects, and best practice models need to be establishedfor inclusion of whole seaweed products in animal feed.Conflict of interestThe authors report that there is no confict of interestrelevant to this publicaton.AcknowledgmentWe thank Skule and Hans Jørgen Skulstad for allowingus to study their sheep herd, and Elisabeth FurusethHansen and Grete Marie Johansen (Norwegian School ofVeterinary Science, Oslo, Norway) for performing thelaboratory analysis of the immunological parameters. Thisstudy has been funded by a grant from the Foundation forResearch Levy on Agricultural Products, the AgriculturalAgreement Research Fund, and the Research Council ofNorway (Project no. 190301/I10)
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