A widely used set of project costs are those developed as part of the Highway Economic Requirements System (Table 4.2) Efforts have been carried out in individual state, provincial, and local highway agencies to derive average costs of capital improvement project types. Wilmot and Cheng (2003) for instance, developed a model to estimate future overall highway construction costs in Louisiana in terms of resource costs (construction labor, materials, and equipment), contract characteristics, and the environment. Also, Labi and Sinha (2003) established average costs for standard pavement preservation treatments AND CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS IN Indiana.