2.2. System boundaries
The CFP was estimated following the life cycle assessment concept and PAS 2050 methodology (BSI, 2008 and Sinden, 2009). Four stages of the life cycle of sugar, i.e. cultivation, production, processing and transportation were considered in this study. The systems boundary covered GHGs emission from raw material used for sugarcane cultivation, and from cultivation and the milling process (Fig. 2). Therefore, the CFP presented in this study includes carbon emissions from raw material preparation and production up to the sugar products being stored in warehouses (consistent with the “cradle to gate” approach described in BS EN ISO 14040 for sugar production (BSI, 2008)).
2.2. System boundaries
The CFP was estimated following the life cycle assessment concept and PAS 2050 methodology (BSI, 2008 and Sinden, 2009). Four stages of the life cycle of sugar, i.e. cultivation, production, processing and transportation were considered in this study. The systems boundary covered GHGs emission from raw material used for sugarcane cultivation, and from cultivation and the milling process (Fig. 2). Therefore, the CFP presented in this study includes carbon emissions from raw material preparation and production up to the sugar products being stored in warehouses (consistent with the “cradle to gate” approach described in BS EN ISO 14040 for sugar production (BSI, 2008)).
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