For tools received from other academics, the
average reported share of formal agreements
in total exchanges is higher, at 48%. Almost all
formal agreements are MTAs, with only eight
license agreements. The reason for the difference
between respondents’ MTA shares as
recipients and providers (48% versus 21%) is
not clear. The numbers of MTAs involved are
more balanced (180 versus 254). It is possible
that, for informal transfers, the more active role
of provider is easier to recall.
Of the 31 recipients of tools from industry
(in a total of 83 cases), 25 report formal agreements,
and most transactions were formal.
There were 85 MTAs but only 4 licenses. Only
one license involved monetary payments.