. Reference results and discussion
In this section, simulations with the pX model and the reference
configuration are analyzed and compared with observations. Statistical
indicators used for model-to-data comparisons are defined
in Appendix.
3.1. Gamma dose rates
The observations used in this section come from prefectural
monitoring devices,3 along with the data provided by TEPCO (Tokyo
Electric Power Company) at Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant 2,
hereafter called Daini.4 Stations with a low-quality signal (too much
missing data) were discarded. In total, eight monitoring stations
were used (Table 2 and Fig. 7). To compute the simulated gamma
dose rates, 135 radionuclides (including 73 emitted species plus
their decay products) are taken into account. Dose coefficients
(Eckerman and Ryman, 1993) are used to infer dose rates from each
species’ volume and surface activities. Since the Gaussian model
gives an analytical formula of the concentration, the dose rates
were directly computed at the stations’ locations and no simulation
grid was used.
3.1.1. Overall performance on stations
The overall model performance on stations is satisfactory: 52%
of data are within a factor of 2 of the observations (FAC2), and 85%
are within a factor of 5 (FAC5). The fractional bias is 0.44 which
indicates a trend to overestimation, the correlation is 0.72, and the
figure of merit in time (FMT) is 0.43. This compares well to typical
Gaussian models performance on dispersion experiments
(Korsakissok and Mallet, 2009), even though uncertainties on input
data are much higher.
The ambient gamma dose rate measured in air comes from two
contributions: the direct plume contribution (hereafter called
“plume-shine”) and the gamma-ray emitted by radionuclides
. Reference results and discussion
In this section, simulations with the pX model and the reference
configuration are analyzed and compared with observations. Statistical
indicators used for model-to-data comparisons are defined
in Appendix.
3.1. Gamma dose rates
The observations used in this section come from prefectural
monitoring devices,3 along with the data provided by TEPCO (Tokyo
Electric Power Company) at Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant 2,
hereafter called Daini.4 Stations with a low-quality signal (too much
missing data) were discarded. In total, eight monitoring stations
were used (Table 2 and Fig. 7). To compute the simulated gamma
dose rates, 135 radionuclides (including 73 emitted species plus
their decay products) are taken into account. Dose coefficients
(Eckerman and Ryman, 1993) are used to infer dose rates from each
species’ volume and surface activities. Since the Gaussian model
gives an analytical formula of the concentration, the dose rates
were directly computed at the stations’ locations and no simulation
grid was used.
3.1.1. Overall performance on stations
The overall model performance on stations is satisfactory: 52%
of data are within a factor of 2 of the observations (FAC2), and 85%
are within a factor of 5 (FAC5). The fractional bias is 0.44 which
indicates a trend to overestimation, the correlation is 0.72, and the
figure of merit in time (FMT) is 0.43. This compares well to typical
Gaussian models performance on dispersion experiments
(Korsakissok and Mallet, 2009), even though uncertainties on input
data are much higher.
The ambient gamma dose rate measured in air comes from two
contributions: the direct plume contribution (hereafter called
“plume-shine”) and the gamma-ray emitted by radionuclides
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
. อ้างอิงผลการอภิปราย
ในส่วนนี้จำลองกับ PX และรูปแบบการอ้างอิง
จะวิเคราะห์และเปรียบเทียบกับการสังเกต สถิติชี้
ใช้แบบเปรียบเทียบข้อมูลในภาคผนวกกําหนด
.
1 . อัตราปริมาณรังสีแกมมา
) ใช้ในส่วนนี้มาจากการตรวจสอบอุปกรณ์
ท้องที่ 3 พร้อมกับข้อมูลที่มาจาก RIM ( โตเกียว
Electric Power Company) at Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant 2,
hereafter called Daini.4 Stations with a low-quality signal (too much
missing data) were discarded. In total, eight monitoring stations
were used (Table 2 and Fig. 7). To compute the simulated gamma
dose rates, 135 radionuclides (including 73 emitted species plus
their decay products) are taken into account. Dose coefficients
(Eckerman and Ryman, 1993) are used to infer dose rates from each
species’ volume and surface activities. Since the Gaussian model
gives an analytical formula of the concentration, the dose rates
were directly computed at the stations’ locations and no simulation
grid was used.
3.1.1. Overall performance on stations
The overall model performance on stations is satisfactory: 52%
of data are within a factor of 2 of the observations (FAC2), and 85%
are within a factor of 5 (FAC5). The fractional bias is 0.44 which
indicates a trend to overestimation, the correlation is 0.72, and the
figure of merit in time (FMT) is 0.43. This compares well to typical
Gaussian models performance on dispersion experiments
(Korsakissok and Mallet, 2009), even though uncertainties on input
ข้อมูลสูงขึ้นมาก โดยปริมาณรังสีแกมมา
วัดในอากาศมาจากสอง
เขียน : ขนนกโดยตรงมีส่วนร่วม ( ต่อที่เรียกว่า
" ขนนกท้า " ) และรังสีแกมมาออกมาจากสารกัมมันตรังสี
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