Provide Time for Learning.
It is tempting to develop an
online course as an addition to existing coursework, or,
when replacing an older course with an online version, to
divert the time dedicated to the previous course to other
purposes. Such action would likely prove catastrophic
for the online endeavor. Online learning permits flexible
scheduling, but it does not eliminate the time required
to complete the course. Independent and problem-based
learning require “protected” time,
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and so does online
learning.
Motivate and Remind; Consider Rewards and/or Consequences.
Motivated learners are essential to the success
of any educational activity. Wlodkowski describes six keys
to motivation: at the start of the activity, the teacher should
encourage a positive attitude toward learning and identify
and work to fulfill the needs that the learner hopes to meet
during the course. During the learning process, the teacher
should provide stimulation and promote a positive affective
or emotional experience. Near the end of the activity, feedback
should reinforce learning and highlight areas in which
the learner is now competent.
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Many if not all of these
strategies can be creatively implemented online.
Demonstrating the website to learners improves participation.
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We have found reminders, either in person or
via e-mail, to be effective. Rewards for completion and/or
consequences for failure to complete may be effective but
are not possible for all learning activities. Teaching learners
to regulate their own learning may also help.