Light generated electrons and holes travel over a much shorter path; this greatly reduces the recombination losses. Thus, the solar cell can be very thin, ~100–150 nm. Metallic nanoparticles act as nanoantennas to couple the plasmonic near field to semiconductor, and thus increasing the effective absorption. Surface plasmon could be excited by grapheme type structure as well. Excitation of localized surface plasmon in metal nanoparticles embedded in semiconductor is shown in Fig. 12[78].