“(a) Reducing emissions from deforestation; (b) Reducing emissions from forest degradation; (c) Conservation of forest carbon stocks; (d) Sustainable management of forest; (e) Enhancement of forest carbon stocks.” (UNFCCC COP 2011, para. 70). This means that a REDD+ mechanism could be used either to reduce “negative changes” to forests or to enhance
“positive changes” in forests (Wertz-Kanounnikoff and Angelsen 2009, 16)