Each of the three marginalists refuted the labor theory of value, some more critical and castigating than others. Leon Walras repudiated the labor theory of value thus: “The theory which traces the origin of value to labour is a theory that is devoid of meaning rather than too narrow, an assertion that is gratuitous rather than inacceptable” (quoted in Howey, 1989: 58). Menger wrote, “Among the most egregious of the fundamental errors that have had the most far-reaching consequences in the previous development of our science, is the argument that goods attain value for us because goods were employed in their production that had value to us” (ibid.: 58). William Stanley Jevons said: